1) The experience of the Baptism of the Holy Spirit as distinct from the indwelling of the Holy Spirit
All believers have the Holy Spirit dwelling in them. The Spirit is like a deposit sealing our inheritance. It is because of the New Birth that we have the spirit living in us.
However, there is a separate experience. I will just throw out 2 examples. First is the experience of Pentecost. The disciples had already received the Holy Spirit when Jesus breathed on them. Yet, Jesus told them to wait for the Holy Spirit. They had been rebirthed, set apart by Jesus, beloved of Jesus, they know Jesus, trust in Jesus. Surely if anyone was "saved" in the sense that we know they were saved. Yet they were told to wait till the day of the Pentecost (by the way, that is a Jewish festival) where they will receive power from on high. And of course they did on that day.
The second example I will throw out is that of Acts 19:1-6. Evidently, these men had already been given the baptism of repentance (surely you agree that being saved precedes Baptism?). Yet, Paul still saw that they lacked the Baptism of the Holy Spirit and he laid hands on them and they were baptized by the Holy Spirit and they spoke in tongues.
So we can see that there is a separate experience apart from Salvation.
2) The purpose of the Baptism of the Holy Spirit
God gave the Baptism of the Holy Spirit for the following reasons.
a) Ministry to people
Luk 4:18 The Lord's Spirit has come to me, because he has chosen me to tell the good news to the poor. The Lord has sent me to announce freedom for prisoners, to give sight to the blind, to free everyone who suffers,
The Spirit of the Lord is upon Jesus so that He can a) free prisoners b) Heal the blind (probably includes the other sick people), and c) Free people from suffering. These are basically acts of service, relieving suffering and helping other people.
b) Power to Witness
Acts 1:8 But you shall receive power, the Holy Spirit coming upon you. And you shall be witnesses to Me both in Jerusalem and in all Judea, and in Samaria, and to the end of the earth.
The day of Pentecost is a good example of that. They spoke in other languages as inspired by the Holy Spirit and people were filled with wonder that they spoke to them in their own language. As a result, 3000 people were saved that day. See also 1 Cor 14 - prophecy / tongues as a sign for unbelievers
c) To edify the church
1Co 14:5 I wish all of you to speak in languages, but rather that you may prophesy; for greater is he prophesying than he speaking in tongues, unless he interpret so that the church may receive building up.
Which imply that if he does interpret, or if a person does prophesy, the church will be built up.
3) The continual need in the present day
One of the objections regarding Spiritual gifts is that it is no longer needed in the present day.
Now, lets put aside the issue of tongues and prophesy for the moment if we are to assume that God need not speak any longer. Lets just look at the other 6 gifts listed in 1 Corinthians 12 (there are 2 other lists in the New Testament, but we will just stick to this). Now, are there still sick people around? If you recall, one of the reason for the Baptism of the Holy Spirit is to minister to people. And surely, the answer is that, yes, there are still the sick around. If that is the case, then surely we still need the gift of healing and miracles. Are there still people who need wisdom and direction for life? Are there those who need to know that God is really speaking? Then surely the Word of Wisdom and Word of Knowledge are both needed. And everyone can do with more faith. And we still need to discern the Spirits.
So we can see that the need is still there. Notice that we can still edify the church, we still gain power to witness, we still minister to the poor by these spiritual gifts even in the present day.
4) The last days
Act 2:16-18 But this is that which was spoken by the prophet Joel: "And it shall be in the last days, says God, I will pour out of My Spirit upon all flesh. And your sons and your daughters shall prophesy, and your young men shall see visions, and your old men shall dream dreams. And in those days I will pour out My Spirit upon My slaves and My slave women, and they shall prophesy.
Peter took the prophecy of Joel and interpreted the events of the Pentecost as being the fulfillment of that prophecy. Now, notice the first words - in the last days. Surely if it were in the last days then, it is even closer to the last Day today. We can take the prophecy and say that in these last days - God will pour out His Spirit upon us.
Notice also that God poured out His Spirit on sons and daughters, young men and old men - point being, everyone will be filled. In other words, the Baptism of the Holy Spirit is not an experience limited for some, it is meant for all Christians.
5) Regarding Cessation
One of the objections raised is that towards the end of the age of the apostles, there are less and less of these miracles signs and wonders. One example given is that Paul himself was unable to get rid of the thorn in his flesh, which points to a withdrawal of these signs of the working of the Holy Spirit. With the death of the last apostle John in the late 1st Century (or early 2nd Century), the workings ceased completely.
Firstly, there had never been a complete cessation of tongues. Ever Flowing Streams by David Allen will demostrate that. Throughout church history, there had always been pockets of believers who spoke in tongues. Never so much as in the present day, but still evident nevertheless.
Secondly, the Spiritual gifts are mainly God operated. It is not true that every person prayed over by people with the gift of healing will be healed. Some do not. And usually, the gifts do not operate on the one who has the gift. We know that it is really God's Will that God did not remove the thorn from Paul's flesh.
6) Regarding Love
This is the passage most often quoted to support that tongues will cease.
1Co 13:1-3, 8-13 Though I speak with the tongues of men and of angels, and have not charity, I have become as sounding brass or a tinkling cymbal. 2 And though I have prophecies, and understand all mysteries and all knowledge; and though I have all faith, so as to move mountains, and do not have charity, I am nothing. 3 And though I give out all my goods to feed the poor, and though I deliver my body to be burned, and have not charity, I am profited nothing...
8 Charity never fails. But if there are prophecies, they will be abolished; if tongues, they shall cease; if knowledge, it will be abolished. 9 For we know in part, and we prophesy in part. 10 But when the perfect thing comes, then that which is in part will be caused to cease. 11 When I was an infant, I spoke as an infant, I thought as an infant, I reasoned as an infant. But when I became a man, I did away with the things of an infant. 12 For now we see in a mirror dimly, but then face to face. Now I know in part, but then I shall fully know even as I also am fully known. 13 And now faith, hope, charity, these three remain; but the greatest of these is charity.
a) The first portion (vs 1-3) does not ignore Spiritual gifts
Notice that it says that even if he speaks in tongues or have faith to move mountain, or all knowledge (a hyperbole of spiritual gifts), if he does not love, it is for nothing. It does not mean therefore that tongues or faith or knowledge is useless, what it does mean is that you must exercise it in love. It does not tell you to only have love, it tells you to have both love and gifts.
b) The second portion (vs8-13) is not yet fulfilled.
Yes, the Bible is the perfectly inspired Word of God. But there is no indication in this passage that they were referring to the Bible when they talk about perfection. Is there? Furthermore, I do not think that we see face to face yet. Jesus is not yet returned, nor are we on the other side of eternity. Nor do we fully know like we are fully known - do we?
Yes, prophecy and tongues are only partia. But the fullness is not yet come.
My own take is that the fullness talked about here, the perfection is when Christ returns or when Christ takes us home. Only then will we be perfect. And of course, in heaven, there is no need for prophecy and tongues. They will cease. But love will remain. I think this is a better and more accurate interpretation of this verses.
Incidentally, it comes in between 1 Corinthians 12 and 14, both of which talks about spiritual gifts.
1 Cor 14:1 starts with: "Follow after charity and desire spiritual things, but rather that you may prophesy." I think that kind of seals the argument. You must love. You must also desire spiritual things such as prophesy. They are not exclusive of each other.